Egypt

Egypt launched its citizenship by investment program in 2019, revised in 2020 and 2024. Current options include: USD 300K direct deposit to the Treasury (non-refundable), USD 350K refundable deposit (returned after 5 years without interest), USD 300K real estate investment in new governmental projects, or USD 400K investment in an Egyptian company.

Processing typically takes 6-12 months. Egyptian citizenship grants visa-free access to approximately 50 countries.

The program appeals to those seeking access to Africa's third-largest economy and regional business opportunities. Egypt has signed numerous bilateral investment treaties and offers access to trade agreements with EU, Arab, and African markets.

Egypt's personal income tax ranges from 0-27.5% on income over EGP 1.2 million, with a 5% solidarity tax on income exceeding certain thresholds. Corporate tax is generally 22.5%, with reduced rates for industrial and export activities.

Capital gains on listed securities are taxed at 10%. Real estate gains are taxed at 2.5% of sale value for properties held less than 5 years.

There is no inheritance tax on direct heirs. Egypt offers various investment incentives in special economic zones and for qualifying projects under the Investment Law.

The country's large domestic market, young workforce, and Suez Canal revenues support a diversifying economy moving beyond traditional agriculture and tourism sectors.